المحادثة: الْخَبَرُ وَالْمُبْتَدَأُ
Dialogue: Predicate and subject in conversation
أَحْمَد
الطَّالِبُ مُبْتَدَأٌ وَجَدِيدٌ خَبَرٌ.
The student is subject and (is) new is predicate. (Type 1: single-word khabar)
زَيْنَب
الْكِتَابُ فِي الْمَكْتَبِ. الْخَبَرُ جَارٌ وَمَجْرُورٌ.
The book is in the desk. The predicate is preposition + majrūr. (Type 2: phrase)
أَحْمَد
الرَّجُلُ أَمَامَ الْمَسْجِدِ. الْخَبَرُ ظَرْفٌ.
The man is in front of the mosque. The predicate is an adverb (phrase). (Type 3)
زَيْنَب
الْمُعَلِّمُونَ فِي الْفَصْلِ. وَالطَّالِبَاتُ حَاضِرَاتٌ.
The teachers are in the classroom. And the (female) students are present. (Khabar: phrase and single word)
أَحْمَد
الْوَلَدُ فِي الْبَيْتِ. الْخَبَرُ جَارٌ وَمَجْرُورٌ.
The boy is in the house. The predicate is preposition + majrūr.
زَيْنَب
الْكِتَابُ جَدِيدٌ. مُبْتَدَأٌ وَخَبَرٌ مُفْرَدٌ.
The book is new. Subject and single-word predicate.
أَحْمَد
الطَّالِبُ وَرَاءَ الْمَكْتَبِ. الْخَبَرُ ظَرْفُ مَكَانٍ.
The student is behind the desk. The predicate is an adverb of place.
زَيْنَب
الْمُعَلِّمَةُ جَمِيلَةٌ. وَالْكِتَابُ عَلَى الْأَرْضِ.
The (female) teacher is beautiful. And the book is on the ground. (Khabar: word and phrase)
أَحْمَد
أَنْوَاعُ الْخَبَرِ ثَلَاثَةٌ: مُفْرَدٌ وَجَارٌ وَمَجْرُورٌ وَظَرْفٌ.
The types of predicate are three: single word, preposition phrase, and adverb.
زَيْنَب
الْمُبْتَدَأُ وَالْخَبَرُ مَرْفُوعَانِ. وَالْخَبَرُ يُخْبَرُ بِهِ عَنِ الْمُبْتَدَأِ.
Subject and predicate are both marfūʿ. The predicate tells something about the subject.