المحادثة: الإِعْرَابُ
Dialogue: Sentence analysis (I'rab) in conversation
أَحْمَد
هَذِهِ جُمْلَةٌ اسْمِيَّةٌ: الطَّالِبُ جَدِيدٌ. الطَّالِبُ مُبْتَدَأٌ مَرْفُوعٌ، وَجَدِيدٌ خَبَرٌ مَرْفُوعٌ.
This is a nominal sentence: The student (is) new. The student is subject (marfūʿ), and new is predicate (marfūʿ).
زَيْنَب
وَهَذِهِ جُمْلَةٌ فِعْلِيَّةٌ: ذَهَبَ الطَّالِبُ. ذَهَبَ فِعْلٌ، وَالطَّالِبُ فَاعِلٌ مَرْفُوعٌ.
And this is a verbal sentence: The student went. Went is verb, and the student is subject (doer) marfūʿ.
أَحْمَد
ذَهَبَ الطَّالِبُ إِلَى الْمَسْجِدِ. إِلَى حَرْفُ جَرٍّ، وَالْمَسْجِدِ مَجْرُورٌ.
The student went to the mosque. To is a preposition, and the mosque is majrūr.
زَيْنَب
الْكِتَابُ فِي الْمَكْتَبِ. الْكِتَابُ مُبْتَدَأٌ، وَفِي الْمَكْتَبِ خَبَرٌ جَارٌ وَمَجْرُورٌ.
The book is in the desk. The book is subject, and in the desk is predicate (preposition + majrūr).
أَحْمَد
قَرَأَ الطَّالِبُ الْكِتَابَ. قَرَأَ فِعْلٌ مَاضٍ، وَالطَّالِبُ فَاعِلٌ مَرْفُوعٌ.
The student read the book. Read is past tense verb, and the student is subject (marfūʿ).
زَيْنَب
كَتَبَتْ الْمُعَلِّمَةُ. كَتَبَتْ فِعْلٌ، وَالْمُعَلِّمَةُ فَاعِلٌ مَرْفُوعٌ بِالضَّمَّةِ.
The (female) teacher wrote. Wrote is verb, and the teacher is subject (marfūʿ with ḍamma).
أَحْمَد
الْجُمْلَةُ الْفِعْلِيَّةُ: فِعْلٌ وَفَاعِلٌ وَرُبَّمَا مَفْعُولٌ.
The verbal sentence: verb and subject (doer) and maybe object.
زَيْنَب
ذَهَبَ الْوَلَدُ إِلَى الْمَسْجِدِ. إِلَى حَرْفُ جَرٍّ، وَالْمَسْجِدِ مَجْرُورٌ.
The boy went to the mosque. To is a preposition, and the mosque is majrūr.
أَحْمَد
الْجُمْلَةُ الْاسْمِيَّةُ تَبْدَأُ بِمُبْتَدَأٍ. وَالْجُمْلَةُ الْفِعْلِيَّةُ تَبْدَأُ بِفِعْلٍ.
The nominal sentence begins with a subject. And the verbal sentence begins with a verb.
زَيْنَب
الْإِعْرَابُ: رَفْعٌ وَنَصْبٌ وَجَرٌّ. الْفَاعِلُ مَرْفُوعٌ، وَالْمَجْرُورُ بَعْدَ حَرْفِ الْجَرِّ.
I'rab: nominative, accusative, genitive. The subject is marfūʿ; the majrūr comes after the preposition.